Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep‑related breathing disorder characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep, each lasting at least 10 seconds. These pauses in breathing cause loud snoring, breathing interruptions, choking sensations, daytime sleepiness, and difficulty concentrating. Risk factors include older age, male gender, overweight or obesity, and a family history of OSA. OSA is also linked to higher risks of hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and abnormal glucose metabolism such as diabetes.