Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, cystic lung disease that occurs almost exclusively in women, especially during their child‑bearing years. It is caused by the overgrowth of abnormal, mutant cells that spread through the lymphatic system, forming cysts in the lungs (and sometimes in the kidneys and abdomen). The disease leads to progressive loss of lung function, and while there is no cure, treatments such as the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin can slow its progression; advanced disease may require lung transplantation.
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) refer to a broad group of more than 200 disorders that affect the lung interstitium—the tissue and space around the air sacs. These conditions typically cause inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of lung tissue, leading to stiffening of the lungs, reduced gas exchange, and a gradual decline in breathing capacity. Diagnosing and treating ILDs can be challenging because of their diversity and overlapping symptoms.